National Condition

1. Geographical location

Bac Ninh is located in the range from 20o 58' to 21o 16' North latitude and 105° 54' to 106o 19' East longitude. It borders Bac Giang province to the North, Hanoi capital to the West and Southwest, Hung Yen province to the South, Hai Duong province to the East. Bac Ninh is the province with the smallest total natural area in the country with 822.7 km2.

The whole province has 8 administrative units, including: Bac Ninh city, Tu Son city, Thuan Thanh town, Que Vo town and 4 districts: Tien Du, Yen Phong, Gia Binh and Luong Tai with 126 commune-level administrative units, including 70 communes, 52 wards and 4 townships.

Bac Ninh is a province in the Northern key economic region with important major roads running through, connecting the province with economic, commercial and cultural centers of the North such as: National Highway 1A connecting Hanoi - Bac Ninh - Lang Son, Highway 18 connecting Noi Bai International Airport - Bac Ninh - Ha Long, Highway 38 connecting Bac Ninh - Hai Duong - Hai Phong; Trans-Vietnam railway axis to Lang Son and China; The waterway network of Cau, Duong and Thai Binh rivers flows into the East Sea. These are favorable conditions for economic - cultural - social development and exchanges with outsiders.

2. Topographical Features

With location in the Northern Delta, the topography of Bac Ninh province is quite flat, with slopes mainly from North to South and from West to East, which is shown by surface water flows to Cau, Duong and Thai Binh River. The degree of geographical disparity across the province is not large. The plains occupy most of the province's area with common elevations of 3-7m above sea level and some low-lying areas along the dyke in districts and towns: Gia Binh, Luong Tai, Que Vo. The hilly midland topography accounts for a very small proportion of about 0.53% compared to the total natural area of the province, distributed in Bac Ninh city, Tu Son city, Que Vo town, the mountain peaks are The common altitude is from 60 to 100m, the highest peak is Ban Co mountain (Bac Ninh city) at 171m high, followed by Bu mountain (Que Vo town) with 103m high, Phat Tich mountain (Tien Du district) with 84m high and Thien Thai mountain (Gia Binh district) is 71m high.

3. Climate

Bac Ninh is located in a humid subtropical climate, divided into 4 distinct seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter). There is a clear difference in temperature between hot and humid summers and cold dry winters. The difference reaches 15-16 °C. The rainy season lasts from May to October every year. Rainfall in this season accounts for 80% of the total annual rainfall. Average annual rainfall: 1,400-1,600 mm. Average temperature: 23.3 °C. Number of hours of sunshine in a year: 1,530-1,776 hours. The average relative humidity is 79%.

4. Hydrology

Bac Ninh has a fairly dense network of rivers, a fairly high density of river networks, averaging 1.0 - 1.2 km/km², with 3 large river systems flowing through including Duong, Cau and Thai Binh river.

Duong River has a length of 42 km and is located in Bac Ninh, with an average total water volume of 31.6 billion m3. The highest water level at Ho wharf in August 1945 was 9.64m, 3-4m higher than the field. Duong River has high alluvium content, in the rainy season there is an average of 2.8 kg of alluvium for every 1 m3 of water.

Cau River has a length of 290 km with a section flowing through Bac Ninh province with a length of 70 km, with an annual water volume of about 5 billion m3. Cau River has a high water level of 3 - 6 m in the flood season, 8 m in the highest, 1-2 m on the field surface, in the dry season the river water level drops too low (0.5 - 0.8 m).

Thai Binh River belongs to the type of large river of the North with a length of 385 km, the section flowing through Bac Ninh province is 17 km long. Because most of the river basin originates from the northeastern barren hills, the soil is heavily eroded, so the river water is very turbid, with large alluvium content. Due to the wide riverbed, less slope, shallow bottom, Thai Binh River is one of the rivers with the most sedimentation. According to measured data, the historical flood water level of Thai Binh River measured at Pha Lai in 1971 reached 7.21 m with the largest discharge at Cat Khe at 5000 m3/s.

In addition, the province also has inland river systems such as Ngu river in Khe district, Dau river, Dong Coi river, Bui river, Tao Khe channel, Dong Khoi river, Dai Quang Binh river, Ca Lo river.